Computers Databases Internet Programming Networks Operating systems Applications
A computer is a machine which helps us to calculate, simulate and store different scenarios. For example, in order to write an e-mail, instead of paper and pen first we use a software (or program) called wordprocessor which helps us enter sentences through keyboard (Input), computer's screen (output) to read, and modem (output/input) to send it to a distant relative, friend, etc.
The mechanism to simulate a regular mail into an e-mail, gave us a very fast and much cheaper medium to communicate (not a simulation anymore). Same way, using computers we can simulate other things over which we do not have any control, for example weather, behaviour of atomic bomb, behaviour of a deadly virus, Earthquake, a innovative design for a new auto, airplane, machine, etc.
Any computer has five parts Input, Output, CPU, Memory, disk (storage) . Input is things like mouse, keyboard, modem. Output is computer screen, printer. CPU or central processing is brain of the computer which controls and execute all calculations, manipulations and output. Memory (RAM)is a temporary storage to be used by CPU when doing calculations, etc. Think of it as a scratch pad for CPU. Disk is permanent storage, on which all the software and data is stored.
When you turn on your computer, BIOS (or basic input output system) which resides on CMOS (complimentary Metal Oxide semiconductor,a type of chip) has small coded software written on it which tells CPU to read the next instruction from sector n of disk x. This next instruction loads the operating system.
A database is a software which lets user to organize their data in an orderly fashion. For example consider a company which sells cookies, they have a database of which has tables (or records) of customers, types of cookies and orders. So when customer x orders n number of x type of cookies his orders is placed in table orders. There are several type of databases. Some which are simply text files with records, others which are complex with tables of information. A table of information means "an array of one type of records", for example "an array of customer names, addresses, phone numbers". A Relational database is in which there are relations among the tables, for example consider three tables with customer info, inventory info and orders info. The relations between these three tables define the relational database. So when a customer X from customer table orders Item Y from Inventory info it is put in Orders table, there are links in these tables (through primary keys, secondary and foreign keys such Social Security number, product number, order number, etc) which lets us do that and thus making it a relational database. Popular type of relational databases are Access for PCs on windows 95, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, for huge business environment (running Unix operating systems).
Internet is a bunch of computers connected to each other. It started out when about 10 computers running Unix operating systems serving US military were connected to each other and named ARPANET. Initially, users could only send an e-mail to each other, deploying UUCP (unix to unix copy using modems) method. Then more computers from universities were added to ARPANET and research individuals started sharing their notes over e-mail. Later came Usenet which was more or less a discussion forum. Then after tremendous innovations in hardware (networking), in 1992 came Web, or the software called web browser which could display pictures and text. REST is history. Some terms
HTML : is Hypertext markup language. All pages in Internet use HTML.
Browser is piece of software to browse internet, i.e Netscape, Internet explorer.
Router is a piece of hardware which connects LAN to Internet.
Bridge is a piece of hardware which connects two LANs.
Programming languages are designed to aid humans to write code for computers. Since computers only understand the language of o's and 1's, and we humans a common english like languages, several computer languages were developed which translate code to computer language. Programming languages like C/C++,Visual Basic, Java using these a person writes a code and then compiles it and creates an executable file which is understood by machine. All .exe and .class files are executable files translated into language understood by computer.
Networking constitutes of connecting PCs and other machines with each other. If you have bunch of computers in same building connected to servers through several hubs it is a Local Area Network, like in an office building. If you have many buildings with many computers connected to each other it is a WAN or wide area network, like Universities. Going by same terminology Internet is probably Global Area Network. Servers are those computers which control user access to files, and are running all the time. All of the computers which are connected to Internet are servers since Internet demands access to information round the clock. When you use modem to connect to Internet on your Personal computer, you are connecting to a computer which is connected to Internet.
Operating systems are that piece of software which communicate with computer and converts all user commands back and forth. Operating systems have four parts which are Process manager, Memory manager, I/O manager and . Popular operating systems are Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT, Mac, SunOs, Digital, HP-UX, Solaris, Aix, etc.
Applications are the end user products which user run on a computer. i.e. Games, Word processing, excel, word, are all applications.
Personal computers are those machines that sit on your desk at home or at office, usually running Windows 95, MacOs, windows 3.1, windows 98, windows NT workstation, and other operating systems designed for PCs. Servers usually run more robust Operating systems like Unix, Windows NT, etc.
COMPUTER TIPS
Today's Tip How to Install
Introduction
Welcome to the world's first absolutely free online Computer Tips, Networking Tips and Hardware troubleshooting tips site. Please have a look around, we offer various help topics including A to Z Computer Free Tips and PC guide.
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- How to make Word 2007 always save in 2003 format?
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funny computer tricks
Interesting Computer tricksWe can learn many tricks from our computer. Now i am going to show you some of my best computer tricks. I hope you will find them interesting and useful.
1. lets start with a funny one. just copy the below code and paste it to your web browser address bar and press enter..
javascript:function Shw(n) {if (self.moveBy) {for (i = 35; i > 0; i--) {for (j = n; j > 0; j--) {self.moveBy(1,i);self.moveBy(i,0);self.moveBy(0,-i);self.moveBy(-i,0); } } }} Shw(6)
you will see that your browser is shaking. Shake it shake it baby ;) (Note: In some browser it may not work )
To learn some more Java web browser tricks follow this hub
Cool funny java pranks ;)
2. do you know how to make a folder without a name? is it possible? oh yea it is possible. just try it out..
# Click the folder, then right click on it, then click rename and delte the old name.
# Then pressing ALT button from your keyboard and type 0160 after that press enter.
Important think to notice - you have to type by holding the ALT button, don't stop pressing and while you will type 0160 it will not appear.You should continue typing and then press enter. Another important thing is that you have to type the code (0160) by your numpad. If you type the code from the upper number key it won't work. So, make sure your Numpad key is on.
3. Now I am gonna show you how to make your pc faster than before. I can make your pc about 200% faster. To make you PC faster than before please folow the steps
# Go to start then click run and then type regedit
# Select HKEY_CURRENT_USER and then select control panel folder and then select desktop folder. Do it correctly
# You will see registry setting at your right hand side, after that select menu show delay and then right click and select modify.
# you will find edit string option -----> default value data is 400 , you have to change the value Data to 000
# Restart your computer. You will notice that your computer has become much more faster.
(Note : This will help you to start your computer start quickly, to increase the overall performance please follow my another hub Make your computer faster and cleaner
4. Check your antivirus: you can test your anti virus is it working or not. Just follow my instruction:
# open a wordpad or note pad and save this.
X50!P%@AP[4\PZX54(P^)7CC)7}EICAR-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*
save it as eicar.com . while doing this your anti-virus should stop you. its not harmful either but if the anti virus is active it will warn you. if it does not then your anti virus is good for nothing .
5. Forbidden name trick: Do you know you it is not possible make a folder with the name "con" ? No matter how many times you try to make a folder with the name Con you won't be able to make it. I don't know the reason.
6. Strange font: Open your notepad and increase the font size to 72 , then change the the font to "Windings" . Now write your name in Capital later and look what you see there ? Surprised?
7. Super Desktop pranks: Take a screen shot of your desktop (by clicking SysRq button) and then paste the image to paint and save it as Jpeg image format . Then open the image of your desktop and make it your desktop wallpaper. Now hide all the icons from your desktop (Right click > arrange icons by > Hide desktop icon) . Also unlock the taskbar. Now your desktop will look like exactly same like before but everyone will be fooled whenever they try to click any icon. You can do this trick on your friends computer and enjoy the fun show :)
8. Microsoft word tricks: Just open your microsoft word and then type =Rand(200,99) then press enter. Enjoy the magic
I am feeling very sleepy. I hope my hub was useful to you at some sense. Please post your feedback about the Hub and help me to improve it.
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